ARTI, KEGUNAAN DAN DAFTAR PREPOSITION & CERBUNG

ARTI, KEGUNAAN DAN DAFTAR PREPOSITION

A.    ARTI DAN KEGUNAAN

Preposition (kata depan) adalah kata yang diletakan di depan atau sebelum kata benda. Kegunaan Preposition yaitu untuk menerangkan letak atau posisi benda atau yang lainnya. Dalam pemakaiannya, preposition tidak mempunyai ketentuan yang baku, untuk itu kita harus menghafalkan pemakaian preposition sebanyak mungkin sehingga menambah perbendaharaan kata kita.

B.     DAFTAR PREPOSITIONS :

1. about :

- tentang / mengenai

Contoh :

I want to talk about him.

(Saya ingin berbicara tentang dia.)

- kira-kira / sekitar

Contoh :

They will meet you at about 7 o'clock.

(Mereka akan bertemu dengan kamu sekitar jam 7.)

2. above :

- di atas

Contoh :

The birds fly above the trees.

(Burung-burung terbang di atas pepohonan.)

- lebih dari

Contoh :

There are above two hundred students in the school.

(Ada lebih dari dua ratus murid-murid di sekolah.)

3. after : sesudah

Contoh :

You can come after finnishing your work.

(Kamu dapat datang setelah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu.)

4.  against : bertentangan / berlawanan

Contoh :

Her decision is against my idea.

(Keputusannya bertentangan dengan pendapat saya.)

5. along : sepanjang

Contoh :

There are some houses along the street.

(Ada beberapa rumah sepanjang jalan.)

6. among : diantara banyak

Contoh :

He is the best teacher among us.

(Dia adalah guru terbaik diantara kami.)

7. at :

- di, menunjukan tempat

Contoh :

You can see me at my office.

(Kamu dapat bertemu saya di kantor.)

- pada, menunjukan waktu

Contoh :

They arrived at 6 o'clock two days ago.

(Mereka telah tiba pada jam 6 dua hari yang lalu.)

- ke arah

Contoh :

He runs at me.

(Dia berlari ke arah saya.)

- untuk menunjukan nomor rumah

Contoh :

I lived at Jl.Benteng No.40 Sukabumi.

(Saya tinggal di Jl. Benteng No.40 Sukabumi.)

8. before : sebelum

Contoh :

I'll be there before 7 o'clock.

(Saya akan ada disana sebelum jam 7.)

9. below : di bawah

Contoh :

Read these sentences below!

(Baca kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini!)

10. beside : disamping

Contoh :

He is sitting beside me.

(Dia duduk disamping saya.)

11. besides : selain

Contoh :

Besides Rina everybody goes camping.

(Selain Rina setiap orang pergi berkemah.)

12. between : diantara

Contoh :

There is a high wall between you and me.

(Ada dinding yang tinggi diantara kamu dan saya.)

13. close to : dekat

Contoh :

There is an accident close to me.

(Ada sebuah kecelakaan dekat saya.)

14. down : ke bawah

Contoh :

I walked down the hill last Monday.

(Saya berjalan ke bawah bukit hari Senin yang lalu.)

15. during : selama

Contoh :

There were many peoples injured during the flood.

(Ada beberapa orang  terluka selama banjir.)

16. except : kecuali

Contoh :

All teachers can go except you.

(Semua guru dapat pergi kecuali kamu.)

17. for : 

a. untuk

Contoh :

I write a letter for you.

(Saya menulis sebuah surat untu kamu.)

b. selama

Contoh :

I have lived here for ten years.

(Saya tinggal disini selama sepuluh tahun.)

c. atas nama

Contoh :

He signed the contract for my headmaster.

(Dia menandatangani kontrak atas nama kepala sekolah.)

18. from : dari

Contoh :

He comes from Jakarta.

(Dia datang dari Jakarta.)

19. in :

a. di dalam

Contoh :

We are in the classroom now.

(Kami berada di kelas sekarang.)

b. untuk menunjukan bulan

Contoh :

I will visit you in April.

(Saya akan mengunjungimu bulan April.)

c. untuk  menunjukan tahun

Contoh :

I was born in 1979.

(Saya lahir tahun 1979.)

d. untuk menunjukan nama kota

Contoh :

I was born in Sukabumi.

(Saya lahir di Sukabumi.)

e. untuk menunjukan musim

Contoh :

in summer = di musim panas

in winter = di musim dingin

20. into : ke dalam

Contoh :

Translate these paragraph  into English.

(Terjemahkan paragrap-paragrap ini ke dalam bahasa Inggris.)

21. on : 

a. di atas

Contoh :

There are three glasses are on the table.

(Ada tiga gelas di atas meja.)

b. untuk menunjukan hari

Contoh :

We have flag ceremony on Monday.

(Kami mengikuti upacara bendera pada hari senin.)

c. untuk menunjukan tanggal

Contoh :

He was born on April 21st.

(Dia lahir pada 21 April.)

22. over : di atas

Contoh :

What is that over your hand?

(Apa itu yang ada di atas tanganmu?

23. since : sejak

Contoh :

I have lived here since 2003.

(Saya tinggal disini sejak tahun 2003.)

24. toward : ke arah

Contoh :

The cat runs toward the garden.

(Kucing berlari ke arah kebun.)

25. under : di bawah

Contoh :

There is a ball under the table.

(Ada bola di bawah meja.)

26. with : dengan

Contoh :

I will always be with you.

(Saya akan selalu denganmu.)

27. without : tanpa

He came to my home without his friends.

(Dia datang ke rumah saya tanpa temannya.)

Lanjutan cerbung ..

Currently my relationship with Ricki already tenuous, because our relationship that is not sanctioned by my parents again. There is one thing that makes our relationship that is not sanctioned because he spoke rudely to me, and my parents read the message via sms. Although my parents had forgiven but still they can not accept Ricky back to my life because the pain that they can. Ricky first very close to my large family, she is an outgoing person and loyal. Also very fond of me and my family, a few times I bought gifts in the form of mobile phone and face, and others, but I am aware of things like that do not pale in comparison to what her attitude to me, I was very disappointed with his attitude. however, any upset as he is not entitled to behave like that because he's just not my husband's girlfriend. If it becomes girlfriend has been like that, how will if it becomes a husband. I fear there, and finally decided to end our relationship on the advice of my parents, especially mother.

as time went on I began comfortable with my solitude, I felt free no curb me, and organize my life again. I feel free without disturbing anyone. although occasionally she still likes to call me, I reply or response because just keep in touch. he always wanted to meet with me, I agree to call her occasionally, but often I refused. however I was disappointed with his attitude toward me. since then many have come kekehidupan me, men of various kinds. but I do not want to choose. I still want to be alone until I met someone who really fit with me and my family, who cared for me and my family sincerely. and seerta accept me. And to this day I feel there is no suitable for it, so I decided to own it first. and I became comfortable running it all, with no load. I am happy to run my life, without which prohibit and regulate my life like yesterday. I spend a lot of time with family members and friends of my friends. although sometimes I feel jealous of friends who has a girlfriend they could walk together and do things both funny and strange as I've ever done before, but I still wait until later arrived. kara I am sure all will be beautiful in its time. this time I just wanted to keep myself busy and spent my youth with friends of friends and my family, because I'm sure they are completely my happiness without needing any guy. I am happy with my life now. hanging around the street fro with friends and friends with no need to fear anyone jealous and suspect. I am sure one day there will be people who will come kekehidupan me at the right time without the need to hurry. I really do not want to spend time with people who come just while just to play games. I would like him who keep me tidka only itungan months, but also annual even if the mate wants until the end of life. I also want to look for my family happy, not just me alone. Because everything I do dalah to family especially my parents ..

DETERMINER, ARTIKEL (A, AN, THE) DAN CERITA

DETERMINER

Ø Definition of Determiner

What Is a Determiner?

In the midst of all the nouns, pronouns, adjectives and articles a student is expected to learn, the determiner is often left by the wayside, untaught or taught incorrectly. The determiner is an important noun modifier which contextualizes a noun, often in terms of quantity and possession. Determiners in English precede a noun phrase and includedemonstratives, possessives, and quantifiers.

Determiners in English

There are many different determiners in the English language.

• Articles are among the most common of the determiners. A, an, and the all express the definiteness and specificity of a noun. For example, “the” is a definite article, meaning the person using the word is referring to a specific one. On the other hand, “a” or “an” are indefinite.
• Demonstratives, such as this, that, these and those, require a frame of reference in which an individual can point out the entities referred to by a speaker or a writer.
• Quantifiers, such as all, few, and many, point out how much or how little of something is being indicated.
• When referring to an entity that belongs to another, you can use possessives. My, your, their, and its are a fewexamples.

There are many other types of determiners. For instance, cardinal numbers, the numbers that are written out in English, are also included in the class of determiners. Determiners are generally split into two groups—definite determiners and indefinite determiners.

Ø Function of a Determiner

A determiner can take on a number of different meanings and roles in a sentence. The determiner is used in every case to clarify the noun.

·         They may be used to demonstrate or define something or someone.

Quantifiers state how many of a thing, in number or expression. A determiner is used to show that the noun indicated is a specific one (that one), not an unspecific one (any).

·         They may also state the differences between nouns.

While determiners may have a number of other functions, most of them are related to these two key areas. The list of determiners only numbers about 50 words, and all of these words are commonly used by most individuals. Determiners are not difficult to get the grasp of when contrasted with adjectives, and do not take too long for native English speakers to grasp. After all, how many times have you had trouble deciding whether to say “the” or “a”? 

Ø List of Determiner in English

You need to know determiners to do well on the TOEFL grammarsection.

We use determiners with nouns. The most common determiners arethe, a, and an, but there are many more that are also important.

Here's a list of most of the determiners:

List

ü  the

ü  a

ü  an

ü  another

ü  no

ü  's

ü  the

ü  a

ü  an

ü  no

ü  another

ü  's

ü  some

ü  any

ü  my

ü  our

ü  their

ü  her

ü  his

ü  its

ü  another

ü  no

ü  's

ü  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.

ü  1/2, 1/3, 1/4, etc.

ü  each

ü  every

ü  certain

ü  its

ü  another

ü  no

ü  's

ü  this

ü  that

Ø Example of Determiner

Example of general determiner :

1.      Indefinite         :           he is trying to look a new parfume

didalam determiner indefinite ini menjelaskan sesuatu yang umum dimana pendengar atau membaca tidak megetahui secara pasti mana yang dimaksud.

2.       Quatifier               :               can you give me a fiew minutes to tke a rest?

Didalam determiner Quatifier ini menjelaskan atau menyatakan jumlah, dalam contoh ini yaitu fiew minutes

3.       Distributive          :               where all a my clothes?

Didalam determiner distributive ini menejelaskan jumlah atau banyaknya sesuatu, dalam contoh ini yaitu all

Example of specific determiner :

1.       Demonstrative adjective  :               this pencil is mine

Didalam determiner demonstrative ini Digunakan untuk menerangkan benda yang terfokus pada jumlah atau jarak. Dalam contoh ini yaitu kata ini.

2.      Possessive adjective                :           do you know where my book is?        

Dalam determiner possessive adjective ini menejelaskan tentang kepemilikan, dalam contoh yaitu book.

Definite Article

The definite article is the word the. It is used before a noun to specify it as something previously considered. There are two types of articles:

The Definite Article (the)

The Indefinite Article (a and an).

The articles are classified as adjectives.

The is known as the definite article because it indicates something specific.

In contrast to the definite article is the indefinite article (a or an), which indicates something unspecific. Of interest, the is the most commonly used word in English.

Examples of the Definite Article

Here are some sentences which compare the use of definite and indefinite articles:

1.      Can we go to the park?

(The park is specific. It is known to the speaker and the listener.)

2.      Can we go to a park?

(The park is unspecific. The speaker doesn't care which one.)

1.      I have found a solution to the problem.

(The solution is not yet known by the listener. The problem is known to the speaker and the listener.)

2.      I have found a solution to a problem.

(This would attract a response like Good for you. What problem? The speaker's use of a tells us that the problem is not known to the listener.)

WE RELATIONSHIP

That’s right is the word many people, the teenagers is the most fun. In that time we the same way what tht friendship, what’s love, maturity, and the meaning of life. Including my self, many thing I feel when moving teenager, whether it’s about friendship, family, life, even romance. All it said it that mskes the teenagers are. Many of them said that the adolescence can’t be repeat again, so we should be able to take advantage as much as possible the time. ‘cause if we don’t take advantage of the teenagers with a larg extent, maybe we all never know how happy the time this and a lot of memories, of course, that will b remembered later.

The most many feel as a teenagers usually is about love. Starting in love with a man or woman, started to put his heart when he saw his face, and trying to bring my self to meet that we eventually be a good friend. It’s definitely by the teenagers especially me alone. One day,  founda man through a facebook account. His name is Ricky. At that time he started sending a message through the inbox to me. We met and chatted regularry almost every day. At first, I be indifferent to him but he still send a message I tirelessly, and chat it always me take my cool. ‘ cause I don’t want to say arrogant I ended up trying to be a good to him. And it turns out he was happy with my attitude.

After often send messages through facebook, we decided to meet up. We met in front of my house, at the time I was waiting in front of the house with coriousity. Not long after he came, wearing motorcycle with black clothes, and jeans. When did he say “if you echa?” and I said, “yes, you are ricky?” the he said, “yes, I’m ricky. Nice to meet you. You are beautifull” when he was talking like that, I’m just a shame. The home, he’s not a long time because there are some thing to fnish again. He promised that next time to take me to meet again. Finally he came home, and when he got  home he tell me through the phon and we continued our chatting on the phone. We talked through the phone until late night, almost every day. Fprtuntely, at the time is vacation days.

Ricky is a player the band, he is a guiutarist in one of the metal band in our town. He;s a lot f stories about the band, and I was never told the song that he had and often he played when perform. The name o band is SERVANT. She played music with his four friends, but he said the band was facum for one of its personnel to resign. He’s very sad thing is for him very musch hope that the band can famous like the meal band that is in the country or abroad, but it seems the dream vanished because he and his friends devide to dissolve the band he’s a form of sero. And they eventually decided to continue the dream each pof which they consodermore promising.